This course aims to walk through the grounds of modern botany studies, covering subjects that have been excluded from most academic curricula. It will present the complete rationale for plant systematics studies, bridging classical taxonomy and modern molecular phylogenetic methodologies as complementary approaches. We will introduce the evolutionary and biogeographical contexts and the importance of herbarium collections for taxonomic revisions. The students will learn to identify the major angiosperm clades, with a practical focus on real case studies from the Iberian flora, historical and current classification systems, and how to use classical taxonomy as an essential tool in modern botanical studies.